cell division :: essays research papers

Cell DivisionWhy must cellular phones divide? To start it off, cells sackt keep growing forever, so when they reach a certain size they will have to divide. Cells divide for four important reasons reproduction, growth, repair, and replacement of damage or worn out cells. Most cells divide at least once during their invigoration cycle and some divide divide dozens of clipping times before they die. There be three types of cell division. They are binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis. When cell division is in the form of mitosis it is usually associated with cell growth, replacement, and repair. When the cell goes through meisosis it usually involves asexual reproduction. Both the process of mitosis and meiosis involve the duplication of the DNA and the splitting of the nucleus.Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces twain genteically identical cells from a single cell. Mitosis is basically a process that cells goes through to to form two new nuclei, with each nuclei co ntaining the same number of chromosomes. Mitosis is used by many unicellular eukaryotic organisms for reproduction. Multicellular organisms use mitosis for growth, repair, and the cell replacement. An example of a multicelluar organism using mitosis for cell replacement is in the kind body, the human body have about twenty-five million mitotic cell divisions occur every second to replace the cells that have finished their life cycles. There are five phases in the mitosis process. The phases are interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.In every living things there are cells. But each living thing only begin life with one cell. The single cell soons begin to take in materials it needs to grow. While the cell is taking in the important materials it is also growing. When the cell is dividing, multiplying, and building it is going through growth. The cell continues with the process of multiplying, dividing, and building until it is fully developed. As the cell grow it c hanges in its form and what it does.

Essay --

Has anyone ever told your child This is what you need to be centering on, or This is to a greater extent important than what is outside that window? If yes is your answer to this question, your child force have with Attention Deficit Disorder ( hang on) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Children who have ADD or ADHD are often more imaginative and outgoing without their prescribed medication. However, the medication does allow them to focus and decreases their tendency to be troublesome. Naturally, a permanent repossess without having to take medication is what most sufferers of ADD would prefer. These children are smart, but they can be a gigantic distraction to other children. This disease has effected over seven million Americans alone and firearm doctors find it in few girls because the diseases mainly affect boys. Some of the children think they are immune to ADHD, but truthfully we need to obtain a bring back for them.There are multiple reasons that might be the reason that pot get ADHD, such as, parents having ADHD, or the possibility of brain injuries when they were a young child. trine other likely causes are expo indisputable to a toxic substance as a child, too much lead in their blood when they were natural or pre-birth are. There will, more than likely, have to be multiple cures for ADHD because there are numerous ways to get the disease. However, I am sure that American doctors are fully capable of inventing a cure that will finally stop the disease in no time. But for right now, with the veritable medications and treatments, we can merely temporarily stop the symptoms. There are rumors of a neurological cure which could be an everlasting cure for most cases of ADD and ADHD.This factor that children with ADHD are failing and being disrup... ...de-effects that come with the disease include difficulty focusing, especially an adult who has ADD to organize tasks, finish work within a time limit, and remember information an d that makes it perplexing to find a job.Ultimately ADD and ADHD are both diseases that will make focusing harder for anybody who has either of them. ADHD could, although not likely, ruin the USA and possibly the world. People need to figure out a cure for ADD and ADHD, and soon, because it affects myriad people across America, and is causing a ton of problems. Children are having an exhausting time focusing in classrooms and adults who have ADD straining themselvs to driving. Who knows, maybe the future cure will help them pay attention and allow them to keep their creativity. So in conclusion we talked about how children get ADD or ADHD, how it affects children, and how it affects adults.

Oprah Winfrey Essays -- essays research papers

The Oprah Winfrey Show. Her understand is known to not only all over the joined States, but also known to all around the world. Today she is known as the the Statess most famous and authorityful woman. Every woman in America envies her great fortune and her intelligence. But Oprah insists that she is not special or gifted. She had overcome m whatever hurdles and reached to the top of Americas national T.V host. What makes her so popular and most love entertainer in the United States? Oprah Winfrey, a talk show host, actress, producer and philanthropist, and business woman is the chairwoman of HARPO entertainment in Chicago. She joins the elite company of Lucille Ball and bloody shame Pickford, as the only woman in T.V and film to own their own production studios. Through HARPO productions, she produces and hosts Americas number one popular show, The Oprah Winfrey show. (Oprah Winfrey talk show bio 1997 p.1) Today many woman in America envies her life her popularity, intelligence a nd her great fortunes. Though her success was gained from her hard work and education. She did not have any special background to be a most loved woman in America. She has overcame number of obstacles that most people have encountered in their own lives. She had to pull off with poverty, sexual abuse, racism as a child, and her lifelong battle with weight. Oprah Gail Winfrey was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi on January 29, 1954. As a child, she travel to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, then moved back to Nashville. She has lived through poverty, repeated sexual abuse, and a sentence to a juvenile delinquent home. (Hyde 1997 p.57) Oprah was crowned Miss. Black Tennessee at age 19. In 1973. She odd Tennessee State University and became a newscaster for WTVF in Nashville. Three years later, Oprah became a news anchor in Baltimore at an ABC station but after 9 months, she was pulled off the air because of an emotional ad-lib delivery. She eventually ended up in Chicago hosting a morning show c alled AM Chicago. In less than a year, the show became number one and was expanded to one hour and re-named The Oprah Winfrey Show. (http//pilot.msu.edu/user/bresnah2/oprahbio.htm 1997 p.1) From there, she has been an actress in the Color Purple, The women of Breuster place and in that respect are no children here.(Oprah Winfrey)Today, The Oprah Winfrey Show is the highest rated talk show in T.V history, and ... ...not, though many women are hoping her to remain in the show and share her power and intelligence with them. Oprahs effect on T.V is so great that since she started to appear on the show, many similar talk shows increased dramatically. And most of these talk show hosts are very popular just like Oprah. Though I believe no one among them can influence American women just like Oprah did. REFERENCES1. Benezra, K. (1997). Products stumble talk hosts. Media week, pp. 6.2. Dickerson, D (1997). A womanss woman. U.S News & World Report. pp.10. 3. Hyde, W.S (1991). Television a nd Radio Announcing. BostonHoughton Mifflin Company. 4. Schlosser, J (1997). Oprah watch. Broadcasting & Cable. pp. 10.5. Stanley, T.L (1997). What theyve got. Media week. pp. 34-35.6. http//pilot.msu.edu/user/bresnah2/oprabio.htm. (1997). Oprah Winfrey. pp1.7. http//www.datalist.idsite.com/oprah-table.html. (1997). Oprah Winfrey. pp1.8. http//www.tvtalkshows.com/oprah/bio/. (1997). Oprah Winfrey Talk Show Bio. pp1-2.

Aerobic Dancing and Weight Control Essay -- essays research papers fc

Flat stomachs, t wholeness arms, nice, firm buttocks, and nice shapely legs. This sounds like a well-known(prenominal) dream for many women in the world. Most do not think it is possible for them to achieve, but clearly all it takes is time. Aerobics dancing is maven of the more or less effective aids in weight control, with the added benefits of improved self-esteem and confidence. Many people cannot enjoy life due to their weight and other problems brought on by being overweight. Those who argon overweight cannot mentally handle the thought of going out and being suss outn. That is why solutions for keeping weight within an appropriate pose for height, sex, and age are essential. One of the most effective ways of reaching appropriate weight level is through aerobic dancing. Physical changes in ones life can be beneficial, but that is not what makes a mortal. A persons mental health makes one who she is. There are many ways to improve mental and physical health. Dancing burns as many calories as walking, swimming or riding a bicycle. A half-hour of dancing can burn between 200 and 400 calories. One factor that determines how many calories are expended is the distance traveled. In one study, researchers accustomed pedometers to square dancers and found that each person covered five miles in a single evening. (Dance for the Health of it) The physical changes that can be beneficial to ones health weigh more than those of the mental state. Even so, it has been proven that the way one feels about ones self is better than how one actually is. The battery-acid I am trying to get at is self-esteem. Additionally self-esteem can really mold personality and can determine how a persons life leave alone end up. For many complainters, individuals need to have a lot of self-esteem. Certain available jobs may hire depending on the applicators social status and how well he or she can associate with people. People who are not very social because of the fear that the y will be made fun of, or are afraid because of their appearance, may allow their weight to interfere with future Hernandez 2 opportunities. Because it makes you feel good, you like what you see on the outside and you like yourself more. (Missett, 21) This tends to help individuals to stand up and be confident enough to go through with public appearance and not care what other people are thinking.When combining aerobic exercise and dance, it is considered a... ...nditions that the patient might have that may cause further risks before advising any drill regimen. People should really start their aerobic Hernandez 6exercise at a pace that is comfortable with their beginning level of condition, and then gradually repair the tempo and frequency of their workouts as they adapt to their new lifestyle. In a short time, people will begin to recognize many health benefits that aerobics can do for them and feel great too. Works CitedAerobics for health Arnot Ogden Medical Center, 1997 C olgan, Michael Ph. D., Optimum Sports Nutrition, Chapter 9, Page 95.Dance for the health of it Mayo clinic health letter. January 1994. stand up Updated Sunday, June 23, 1996Physical Activity and Health 1998 Baltimore County Public SchoolsPolley, Maxine. Dance AerobicsNew York Macmillan Publishing Company, 1981Sheppard Missett, Judy. The Jazzercise Workout bookNew York Charles Scribners Sons, 1986

Political Communication in Oliver Stone’s Platoon and JFK Essay

IntroductionPolitical communicationcommunication with a political purpose about human interactiontakes many different forms including novels, poetry, music, television, and film, which solely have their distinct advantages and disadvantages in communicating with the public. Although some political communication intends to enact or drive social changes, some political communication bumpks to contain the status quo. The film medium, which is the subject of this publisher, has a much broader mass appeal than other medias and often changes the viewers original beliefs and perceptions when he or she experiences oer an hour straight of visual indoctrination of only one view. Over the course of the semester, we have learned about the informal process of the government. In our first paper of the semester, we analyzed how the news media coverages role of acting as the fourth branch of the government and its effectiveness in educating the public. The second paper complex the informal workings and strategies of an interest group, but also focused on an interest groups structure and membership. Finally, we read several political novels to see their role and political impact on the mass public. For this free choice final paper, I decided to analyze Oliver Stone and his two films Platoon and JFK. Oliver Stone, a three-time academy Award winner and known as one of the best filmmakers in his generation, ignores Hollywood convention warning against making films with a message. Among some of his great films, he made the two films Platoon and JFK. In Platoon, he presents a gritty and emotional examination of American soldiers during the Vietnam War through the lens of Chris Taylor, a biographical standard of himself and so... ...f moviegoers about the concept of war and the governments intentions. Works CitedBeaver, Frank. Oliver Stone Wakeup Cinema. New York Twayne Publishers, 1991.Internet Movie Database. Titles with certificate Vietnam(Banned). .JFK (Spec ial Edition Directors Cut). Dir. Oliver Stone. 1991. DVD, Warner Home Video. 2001.Kurtz, Michael L. Oliver Stone, JFK, and History. Oliver Stones USA. Ed. Robert Brent Toplin. Lawrence University Press of Kansas, 2000. 166177. Mackey-Kallis, Susan. Oliver Stones America. Boulder Westview Press, 1996.Novel. Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary. 10th edition. 2002.Platoon (Special Edition). Dir. Oliver Stone. 1986. DVD, MGM. 2001.Riordan, James. Stone. New York Hyperion, 1995.

Political Communication in Oliver Stone’s Platoon and JFK Essay

IntroductionPolitical communicationcommunication with a political conclude about human interactiontakes many different forms including novels, poetry, music, television, and film, which all have their distinct advantages and disadvantages in communicating with the public. Although some political communication intends to enact or drive social changes, some political communication seeks to maintain the status quo. The film medium, which is the subject of this paper, has a much broader mass appeal than other medias and ofttimes changes the viewers original beliefs and perceptions when he or she experiences over an hour straight of visual indoctrination of only one view. Over the course of the semester, we have conditioned about the informal process of the government. In our first paper of the semester, we analyzed how the news media coverages role of acting as the fourth separate of the government and its effectiveness in educating the public. The second paper involved the inform al workings and strategies of an interest free radical, but also focused on an interest groups structure and membership. Finally, we read several political novels to see their role and political impact on the mass public. For this free choice final paper, I decided to analyze Oliver Stone and his two films Platoon and JFK. Oliver Stone, a three-time Academy Award winner and known as one of the best filmmakers in his generation, ignores Hollywood company warning against making films with a message. Among some of his great films, he made the two films Platoon and JFK. In Platoon, he presents a gritty and emotional examination of American soldiers during the Vietnam War through the lens of Chris Taylor, a biographical representation of himself and so... ...f moviegoers about the concept of war and the governments intentions. Works CitedBeaver, Frank. Oliver Stone Wakeup Cinema. wise York Twayne Publishers, 1991. mesh Movie Database. Titles with certificate Vietnam(Banned). .JFK (Special Edition Directors Cut). Dir. Oliver Stone. 1991. DVD, Warner Home Video. 2001.Kurtz, Michael L. Oliver Stone, JFK, and History. Oliver Stones USA. Ed. Robert Brent Toplin. Lawrence University Press of Kansas, 2000. 166177. Mackey-Kallis, Susan. Oliver Stones America. Boulder Westview Press, 1996.Novel. Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary. 10th edition. 2002.Platoon (Special Edition). Dir. Oliver Stone. 1986. DVD, MGM. 2001.Riordan, James. Stone. New York Hyperion, 1995.

First Day of High School Essay

Walking into a brand new school for the first time with a bundle of happiness and a twisted knot in your stomach indicating mediocre how nervous you really are, sure is a way to start your first day of high school. It is internal on the part of every student to remember the first day at school. Recently, I just became a 9th grader. I remember the day as a unclear haze, that resembled a impossible puzzle to complete. The night before was spent with stories of high school back in the last couple decades or so. Ever so often was an, Oh youll blend in, Youve grown so much, and I cannot believe youre already in high school. Eventually the praise died mass and it was time to climb into bed.The first thing I came to realize was a large building pacted tightly together within a compound wall. As small as I am, i couldnt not seem to put the puzzle pieces together but luckily a map became my bestfriend. The agendum was confusing at first, since it was a long summertime before I had last re ad one. Nothing felt stable or ordered, everything seemed analogous it was loss to be chaotic any minute. A few seconds later the bell rang, as I thought to myself how much I did not ever disavow a harsh stop and ponder during the summer about miss the bell itself.The pattern went throughout the day as a class began, and later a long period a bell ended the period and began a new class. This went on for what felt give care years. I walked through the halls and act to categorize exactly what type of people I would be dealing with and Ive realized the fact high school is anything but the type of events they attract in movies. Everyone seemed to fit each category perfectly, however it wasnt quite the match. These faces appeared more normal and friendly. I remember my imagination of what high school was like when I was younger. I was just dying to experience all the new and exciting things that awaited me. From sports to boys to all the partying, I just wanted to know what everyt hing was like and now that Im finally here, I feel like I want to go back to when I was younger and not entreat to grow up so much.As time goes on you find yourself getting to class earlier and earlier each day. Finding new routes, talk of the town a little more, taking more time betweenclasses and the tension eases. The days do not get harder, but the work and study habits do. subsequently days of the school year are always easier then the first few. Some say that high school was the best time of my life, just like others say that high school was the worst time in their lives. To be honest, I am not sure which category I excise into yet. Ive had a good start but I know high school wont be picture perfect for me. The lonesome(prenominal) thing I can say is that I am learning.

Disparity and Discrimination Essay

Many varied situations occur within the criminal justice system. The situations that will be discussed in this essay are Pseudospeciation, bigotry vs. racial discrimination, hegemony, social construction, and disparity vs. discrimination. There will be definition on these terms. After defining the all terms, I will apply these terms to the criminal justice system using examples to illustrate the reading of the definitions. Pseudospeciation Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differences cause humans to separate into divers(prenominal) social groups, with different language, dress, customs, ect.Erik Erikson was known as the first person to use this term in 1966 explaining the inhumanity of human groups and human subgroups. For example People with different religions believed their religion was true and others groups religions were untrue. The criminal justice system law enforcement officers would seduce to respect a person religion, the way they dress, their custo m, and language. There were requirement accommodations which had to be made by law enforcement officers, by separating the different religion groups so a person would not get harm by other person of a different religion group.Bigotry vs. Racism Bigotry is defined as the state of mind of a bigot. According to Merriam Webster bigotry is a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or her own opinion and prejudices, especially one who regards or treats the member of a group with execration and intolerance. For example a person of other pelt along might lock their doors when driving through a neighborhood populated by volume of another race. Racism is defined as action, attitude, practices, or beliefs that reflect or support the racial worldview.Racism is a term which is used negatively and is usually associated with race based. The belief of racism is that people are divided into distinct hereditary groups that are innately different in their behavior and abilities. An exa mple of a racism act could be when a young black man is stopped many times while he was driving his car, when he has done zip fastener wrong. They look inside his car and ask him for license and registration. The police stop blacks and Latinos at rates that are much higher than whites.In New York City, where people of color make up about half of the population, 80% of the NYPD stops were of blacks and Latinos. When whites were stopped, only 8% were frisked. When blacks and Latinos are stopped 85% were frisked according to information provided by the NYPD. The same is true most other places as well. In a California study, the ACLU found blacks are three times more likely to be stopped than whites (Quigley, 2012, Fourteen Examples of Racism in Criminal Justice System). Hegemony Felluga, (2011) Hegemony is the processes by which dominant culture maintains its dominant position (Hegemony).For example, a leader who was able to pose control over a group of people might be referred to as hegemony. To keep the populations as a whole form rebelling against leadership hegemony has to have the support from at least one dominate class of people. Disparity vs. Discrimination Disparity in the criminal justice system refers to inequity of drive off and sentencing for certain groups of people. Most of the time it is refers to racial and ethnic disparity while discrimination can be defined as a prejudice.There is a difference in disparity however the difference does not mean discrimination. For example, A person is arrested for burglary because of the person past crime history, and because this person was close to the position of the crime. To determine if discrimination exists in the criminal justice system or if the differences are a result of disparity one must fully understand the key differences between discrimination and (Williams, 2009, Justice for All). In the criminal justice system, both discrimination and disparity exists.

Othello †Race and Stereotypes

Othellos race does not prominently impact his demise, although Shakespeare touches upon the issue of race, the reason for Othellos demise lies somewhere else. However, the allegations of race straightway lead to its tragic ending. Feelings of inadequacy and distrust without question aid in the tragedy. The point that Othellos skin color is important alters the interpretation of the tragedy within the play.The racism represented in Othello is not just about an instance of prejudices and prejudgments made by a crowd of people against another, but in fact has much more subtle and devastating consequences, specifically, that it is proliferated not only by the discriminatory section of society, but also by the target of this discrimination. Although Othello didnt ab initio validate any of the stereotypical qualities that certain people labeled him with, he began adapting to them as he started to doubt himself.By coming to the assumption that he is in a racially inferior position, Othe llo struggled in dealing with the stereotypes appropriately, thereby only increasing his own struggle with his race. If Othello didnt have such inferior involved and instead had faith within him, the conflict would never have ascended. Rather than tagging the play Othello as anti-racist or a discriminatory play, there is a real lesson that can be learned. From a racial perspective, the tragedy exposes the powerful outcomes that racial differences can generate when in conjunction with ones personal self-doubt.With Iagos manipulations the notions of race were provoked for Brabantio, Rodrigo, and Othello, activating any suppressed racial prejudices and self-doubt. It seems obvious that Iago has strong feelings of personal inadequacy and is jealous and resentful of the love shared amid Othello and Desdemona. However, Iagos motive seems to be more than that. I thought his hatred was from his own personal dissatisfaction, but when he becomes lieutenant he is still hard put and goes fo r the total destruction of Othellos life.So, I tried to see what it would be like to put my feet in Iagos shoes, to feel his hatred and of course assign what the play is about. It then hit me that through Iagos judgments Othello is the Moor and should therefore exemplify the common idea of a moor, which is not admiration, self-worth, and fortune it is one of disconnect and dependency. When he says that nothing can or shall content his soul/ Till he is evened with the Moor, wife for wife (Act 2 Scene), he means that he is well-provided until Othellos ife is made equal with his involving feelings of inadequacy and jealousy, which are all qualities fitting to a moor.Throughout the play Iago repetitively uses derogatory remarks when speaking of Othello so to encourage certain people in the play to endure racism and confirm that it was the norm. Even so, some of Iagos semantics reveal his own prejudices. For example, Iago only refers to Othello as a Moor with the exception of when he refers to Othello as the black Othello (Act 2 Scene 3).Iago hates Othello because he is the Moor yet does not symbolize the expected piece of what is thought of to be a black man in these times. There is neither reason nor logic behind his hatred, but discrimination against one seldom has reason, for it is characteristically irrational thinking. Iago is a clear illustration of what racism is and will justify his irrational thoughts with anything, just as Iago contributes to Brabantio and Rodrigos reasoning behind their actions and Othellos reasons for acting out on his uncertainties and self-doubt ultimately leading to his demise and an all-around tragedy.

Effect of Art Essay

Traditionally, we have believed that art imitates life. The painter represents what he or she identifys by producing a scene on a canvas. The woodcarver does the same with bronze or stone. A photographer or film maker does it even more(prenominal) directly. A writer describes life in his or her discs. This simple concept is known as mimesis. But some have questioned the one-way nature of mimesis by arguing that art also changes the way we turn over the world, and in fact, life some quantify imitates art rather than the opposite way around.The person who first articulated this belief effectively was Oscar Wilde. Speaking about the woolly-headed conditions in London in the late 19th century, he wrote that the way we perceive them changed because of art. Referring to the wonderful brown fogs that come creeping down our streets, blurring the gas lamps and tour houses into shadows he argued that poets and painters have taught people the loveliness of such effects. According to Wil de, They did not exist till Art had invented them.And you dont have to look as well as far to see anti-mimesis in our lives. To what extent is our outlook on life altered by ideas we read in books? The portrayal of people in films? The styles we see in fashion photography? One great practice session of this is the TV series The Sopranos, and how it affected both the Mafia in the USA and the FBI.Arts influence on society propaganda and censorshipThroughout history, it has always been the case that art has the power to change society, especially when new media are used to give tongue to an idea. During the First World War, for example, movie cameras were used for the first time to record trench warfare when the film was shown in cinemas in Britain, audiences ran out screaming. This led to the political science censoring further such use of such a powerful medium. And in government censorship, and use of art as propaganda, we see how seriously governments wad the effect of art.All of the major dictators of the C20th understood the power of art to influence the population. In Nazi Germany, Hitler set up the Ministry of Propaganda and National Enlightenment. It was headed by Goebbels, who made authentic that nothing was published, performed, or exhibited without his approval. When this happens, you know at that place isnt going to be a happy ending.And what Goebbels approved, of course, solo fit in with Nazi ideology and ideas. In terms of art, this meant no modern and abstract art, certainly nothing hostile to the regime, and nothing that featured images other than the stereotypical blonde-haired, blue eyed set in idyllic pastoral scenes of blissful happiness.In Stalinist Russia, there was also a keen understanding of the power of art. Art portrayed contented peasants, gumptious workers, and Stalin himself. In fact, Stalin was shown god-like in many paintings, a phenomenon known as the Cult of Stalin. Just as in Germany, gigantic architectural projects ex pressed the power of the state.However, there is no doubt that in Russia there were greater fastidious achievements than in Nazi Germany. Composers worked with someer hindrances as seen in the works by Prokoviev and Shostakovich, and film-makers such as Eisenstein emerged. Arts influence on society the trial of chick Chatterleys Lover But even under little oppressive governments, the artistic expression of certain ideas can be subject to control. One great example is the book Lady Chatterleys Lover by DH Lawrence, which was deemed offensive on many levels. In this book, Constance Reid, a woman from a progressive liberal middle class family marries a minor member of the aristocracy, Lord Clifford Chatterley, and takes the title Lady Chatterley.But her husband is injured in the First World War, confined to a wheelchair, and left impotent. Despite this, he becomes a successful writer and businessman. It is more his obsession with financial success and fame rather than any physical difficulties which come between him and his wife, and she begins an subprogram with their gamekeeper, Oliver Mellors. The largely aristocratic establishment of Britain at the time the book was published in Italy in 1928 were shocked by many aspects of the book. First, there was the fact that the book was obscene, in the way it went into explicit detail the affair that took place (see below).Second, there was the fact that a women was breaking her marriage vows, something considered far worse than a man behaving in the same way. Finally, it represented an intimate affinity between a member of the lower classes (although it emerges during the story that Mellors is actually well-educated, and became an officer in the army during the First World War) and the upper classes, a concept that was altogether taboo in Britain at that time. The book was duly banned.But the book was republished by Penguin books in 1960. The attorney general, Reginald Manningham-Buller (dubbed Bullying-Mann ers by the journalist and author Bernard Levin) had to read wholly four chapters to decide to prosecute Penguin books for publishing it. What annoyed him was not just the content, but the fact that the price of the book meant it was affordable to women and members of the lower classes (remember that only few women worked at this time, and husbands were generally in charge of family finances). The trial was a disaster for Manningham-Buller and the prosecution.They had failed to find any experts to support their case, in stark contrast to Penguins self-denial team, which had brought in authors, journalists, academics, and even members of the clergy to defend the book. Manningham-Buller and his team had very little idea of what Lawrence had been trying to express in his book, regularly being caught out by the schoolmaster insight of the witnesses they were trying to catch out. And although they tried to shock the jury in his opening speech, Manningham-Buller announced The word fuck or fucking appears no less than 30 times . . . Cunt 14 times balls 13 times shit and arse six times apiece cock four times piss three times, and so on. they were unable to prove that the book would have a negative influence on the readers it was aimed at.According to the GuardianNo other jury verdict in British history has had such a deep social impact. Over the next three months Penguin sold 3m copies of the book an example of what many years later was described as the Spycatcher effect, by which the attempt to suppress a book through unsuccessful litigation serves only to promote huge sales. The jury that iconic representative of democratic society had given its imprimatur to ending the taboo on sexual discussion in art and entertainment. Within a few years the stifling censorship of the theatre by the lord chamberlain had been abolished, and a gritty realism emerged in British cinema and drama. (Saturday Night and Sunday Morning came out at the same time as the unexpurgated Lady Chatterley, and very soon Peter Finch was commenting on Glenda Jacksons tired old tits in Sunday Bloody Sunday and Ken Tynan said the first fuck on the BBC.)Homosexuality was decriminalised, abortions were on hand(predicate) on reasonable demand, and in order to obtain a divorce it was unnecessary to prove that a spouse had committed the matrimonial crime of adultery. decide no longer put on black caps to sentence prisoners to hang by the neck until dead. Can we say, though, that it was art in this case that changed society, or was it an interaction between human sciences (ie, the law) and the arts (the book) that led to change? This is from the same Guardian article the message of Lady Chatterleys Lover, half a century after the trial, is that literature in itself does no harm at all. The damage that gets attributed to books and to plays and movies and cartoons is caused by the actions of people who try to suppress them.

Red Bull Case : Digital Marketing

He immediately saw an opportunity to market those functional drinks outside Asia. Mathematics approached the manufacturers of the drink, bought the external licensing rights in exchange for a 51 % stake in his company, and launched the drink in Austria. Thats how the rose-cheeked turd company was founded in 1984. The drink was sold al peerless in Austria for five years and then spread into neighboring countries like Hungary and Slovenia, followed by Ger umpteen and Switzerland. It invaded the United States and Canada In 1997, and was authorized in France very recently.A scalelike come out at flushed misrepresents scheme 2 roof is non rightfully determined by a demographic, but by a state of bear in mind. ruby-red talk through ones hat consumers want to be physic on the wholey and mentally fit and wide awake. It screwing be young executives who want to face a much and more dynamic and demanding way of life. Or it can be teenagers who want to try new alcoholic mix, and be able to stay awake and to dance all night long. At least, it could be sportsmen who want to improve their performance, increase their physical endurance and boost their energy.These flock atomic number 18 very hard to r each(prenominal) because there argon many stations competing on the market. Figure 1 Examples of competitive products The positioning of inflamed fudge is It is the first stimulation drink, for both mind and body, to be used at any time, anywhere, by any peerless, not only as a thirst-quencher but alike as a cure against tiredness. To build its leaf blade equity, Red strapper developed an eye-catching logo two bulls and a yellow sun, and an effective,Red Bull gives you witlings. Red Bulls brand equity is main(prenominal)ly ground on word of mouth, which gives the product a mystical image.Due to this mitosis and the WOOF strategy that build a very strong brand aw arness, the reduce has a really strong affect with the customer, which leads to a bunch of rumors, good and bad ones. The strategy Red Bull adopted is totally unusual. They did nod use traditional instructive or persuasive communications and it restricted the drinks supply. Red Bull used buzz merchandising and Moral marketing. The company has divided the U. S. Into eight deconcentrate sales units, each of which is handled on a city-by-city basis.Each unit creates distribution, makes sales calls and develops tar catched marketing plans. Their mission is to find out where the target nags out and what interests them. Its their Job to get the subject out to the right clubs and at the right events. Their entry strategy is to seed happening places such as shops, clubs, bars and stores. They focus initially on effect leaders who obtain positive direct experience with the brand. Once word of mouth has created a buzz closely the product, they then widen distribution to argonas skirt the in spots.Markus Pickier, eve-strategic planning, Red Bull North America said We go to on-premise accounts vs.. Retailers first, because the product gets a lot of visibility and direction. It goes faster to deal with individual accounts, not big chains and their authorization process. Employs teams of consumer educators, who distribute free samples in the street. Bull created and cultivated its brand image by sponsoring extreme and adventure- related sports, such as foreseeing, B. A. S. E Jumping, snowboard, mountain hiking or more recently Formula 1 .The company underwrites a number of extreme sports competitions and sponsors about three dozen athletes from substitute sports. In the antithesis of any majors marketing plan, Red Bull buys traditional advertising sat. Only when a market is deemed mature does the company begin a media push. The head is to reinforce, not introduce, the brand. Media is not a tool that we use to establish the market, said up-marketing David Rowdy. It is a critical part. Its Just later in the development. Red Bulls marketing strategy Con trary to traditional advertising practice, Red bull only advertises after it believes a local market is maturing. Instead of traditional advertising, Red Bull relied on a strategy of spoken or buzz marketing. Red Bull focused on creating a buzz wrought various stealth marketing techniques, contend on associations with energy, danger and youth culture, carefully cultivating its mystique image. Mathematics invested 35% of turnover in marketing and sponsorship in events.In his words, we dont bring the product to the state, we bring wad to the product. We make it available and those who love our style come to us, adding, Red Bull isnt a drink, its a way of life. The above the line communication Red Bull gives you wings. The aim of their advertising campaigns is to reflect the brand personality Cheeky, witty, self-ironic, unpredictable and unique. Opinion leader marketing Opinion Leaders, especially in the sport and cultural area, are a perfect target group for Red Bull. Red Bull de velops relationships with them and treats them like friends.Red Bull worldwide has over 250 agreements with top athletes, but not one written contract. Event marketing Red Bulls event marketing also covers both areas, sports and culture, through a variety of events like Flag, Crashed Ice, X-Fighters, Creative Contest, Music Academy, and many more. Red Bull doses t sponsor events, Red Bull creates, organizes and supports new, innovative and image. Through its sponsorship of youth culture and extreme sports events, Red Bull developed a cult following among marketing-wary Generation Y-errs, (18- to 29-year olds) who perceived it as an anti- brand.While it was marketed as a sports drink, it was mostly sold in clubs and bars Sampling Sampling is done by highly motivated and well educated employees of Red Bull and not professional promotion teams. Their briefing is simple Find tired and exhausted pile. They do it in a charming, non offensive way. All we give them is the product, a free r ange of clothes and a tiny, but very attractive sampling car. As their core target is very young, Red Bull needed to secure a big presence on the Internet, which is by far the media that young people use the most.With their word- of-mouth based strategy and their buzz marketing, it was quite obvious that Internet was going to become a very powerful tool for Red Bull. They are aware of the fact that Internet has brought people together and allowed everyone to be connected no matter where they live. Thanks to the new social and digital age, people can share their experiences and knowledge through the building of social networks and communities. Red Bulls online marketing strategy is very cohesive to their overall marketing strategy. It is based on word-of-mouth and creating a buzz around the brand.Whether it be with sport, music or culture, Red Bull proposes long-term content that the consumer will enjoy so they can slop about the brand on blobs for example and tell their friends a bout it. Rather than focusing on selling millions of cans, they just prefer creating a universe that people will love, most of the time through effective storytelling. As I said before, Red Bulls marketing strategy involves a lot of event brass instrument round the world. Red Bull takes the excitement of being in the event and delivering it to people across communication, and most of that is done by digital communication.In fact, 50% of Red Bulls communication budget is dedicated to digital media. Backbone has a presence on many of social platforms, including Backbone, Twitter, Namespace. Yet Red Bull is aware that it is no longer enough to extradite a fan page on backbone for example, not only because a large majority of companies have one as well, but also because people get bored very easily and their attention is becoming more and more difficult to catch. Red Bull understands this issue and offers a lot more than mere online product promotion. They provide their consumers with meaningful content.Each event organized and sponsored by Red Bull has its own website (for example,www. Redistributable. Com) They offer a number of hornswoggle pieces of content, such as videos of the previous events, content about the riders, the tricks, behind-the-scenes, parties, etc. Those pieces of content are also displayed in social platforms, Namespace playing generally a role of a hub where all of the content comes together . This is how Red Bull started to build their fan community. It enables Red Bull to create a number of glide path points that the consumers discover, experience the content and get touch into Red Bulls world.On backbone or Namespace, the one of the most popular pages with over 2 four hundred 000 fans. It is tailored to the consumers wants and needs. They dont advertise their product directly, they dont even bother giving details about the accompany vision and mission, leaving only a very short description at the bottom of the page. On the other hand , they offer some entertaining, simple yet addicting games that consumers enjoy, such as the Red Bull Air persist game. Some others fun applications are available on Backbone, such as Red Bull Roustabout, which is an online version of the old game Rock Paper scissor.Bart Johnston, Interactive Director of Archival which developed the application said We wanted to create a viral application for Backbone Platform that was fun and playful. We hark back people will ask their friends to install it because its a really interesting way of formulateing Whats up? To your buddy. 3 Figure 2 Red Bulls authorised fan page on Backbone Video content is a good way to start but it does not necessarily create engagement, which is Red Bulls main objective. Therefore they found other ways to entertain their customers. For instance phone and pod touch users, they developed applications and games.Understanding their consumers is a major concern for Red Bull so they knew about their extensive use of chatting platforms such as mans. They also knew that Mans users tend to be on mans while watching TV, so they are working to get them engaging with it so they could then play, talk, share it with their friends while watching TV programs. Therefore they created a game on mans, that could be dual-lane n backbone as well (that way content remains cohesive). This is a really effective way for Red Bull to get their consumers involved and active in the community.Figure 3 Red Bulls phone games Taking one step further, Red Bull initiated in 2009 a new project called Red Bull reporter 4. It gives the opportunity to anyone to become a Red Bull reporter, and start working for Red Bull as a writer, photographer, filmmaker or presenter. The consumer has complete control on the creation and sharing of the content. As Red Bull has hundreds of events going on all over the world. It can be huge event that attract over 50000 people on the event site like the Red Bull flagstaffs, but it can also be low-toned events like the mascara pit stop in Time Square, or the Don tell apart cross in Greece.Red Bull is trying to leverage these projects by sending their reporters to these small events so they could write reports, do presentations, videos, and finally come back and submit them on the website. This time it is not Red Bull that creates the content but the consumers themselves and they are in total control of it. They are responsible for sharing it and spreading it. Again for Red Bull it is all about engaging them to greater collaboration.Figure 4 Red Bull reporter Another example of the content creation process, even more engaging than Red Bull Reporter, would be the Red Bull Bedroom Jam 5, because with this project consumers become the content that is celebrated and discussed. Teen bands submit their music and their peers would vote and Judge which one they think are the exceed bands. The selected bands get to have a stage set up in their bedrooms by Red Bull, and it gets streamed live across the Internet. A chatting functionality allows people to interact with each other and tell everyone about the bands they like the most for example.The consumer is at the heart of the project. Red Bull steps back and only plays the role of a facilitator. The consumers are the real star, not Red Bull, which is an important point of Red Bulls online marketing strategy. Figure 5 Red Bull Bedroom Jam Another key point for Red Bull is to cross the boundaries between the digital world and the real world, and treat them both the same way. Red Bull racing for munificence was originally created to take Formula 1 from its very exclusive format and make it a more inclusive one, getting people really closer to that world.Red Bull created an inline community where fans could choose a space for their photo on the car that was driven at Siltstone by David Calculator and Mark Webber, chat with people around them, sometimes even celebrities. This resulted in a very unique decor ation on the car and raised money for charity. Still trying to get people closer to the world of formula 1, Red Bull created content through Twitter and an Phone application called Redouble Flops, that allows people to have a direct info from the Fl paddock, with little stories and anecdotes that come directly from the inside. Figure 6 David Calculators car at Siltstone Creating all those tools, platforms and content allows Red Bull to make the consumer exit that their primary and ultimate goal is to sell energy drink cans. It is all about getting commitment from their customers, trying to engage and excite consumers about the brand by being part of their world and contributing to their world in a way that it does not feel false or fake. Internet could have contributed to harm Red Bulls brand image by spreading all sorts of rumors about the energy drink.One of the rumors that has been circulating for a while says that Red Bulls secret divisor is bulls testicles. Another states th at it is liquid vicarage and that someone overdosed from the drink because it has drugs in it. Obviously all these rumors are false and they could have been really bad little attention to those rumors, remained silent and let the rumor spread. There is only a FAQ section in the main website confirming that all those rumors are false. This lack of communication contributed to provide the buzz around the brand, creating Red Bulls mystique and building their fans community all over the web.Red Bull doesnt really innovate through its products it doesnt launch new products al the time, sort of it innovates through its marketing. Hence, they created Red Bull Media House, which conducts all the media and public relations work, and that is responsible for the launching of other platforms such as Red Bull magazine, Red Bull mobile (which for now is only available in Austria, Switzerland and Germany), or Red Bull TV. As it becomes a bigger part of the consumers lives, Red Bulls marketing rattling becomes their product.We saw how Red Bull leverage social media to market their products by provide their customers with meaningful content. Sometimes, they tend to be a little too combative by doing what is called ambush marketing. Ambush marketing occurs when a brand pays to become the official sponsor of an event and another brand tries to connect itself to the same event, without compensable the sponsorship fee and without breaking any laws. Nikkei used such methods a lot to gain some visibility on sport events that were officially sponsored by their main competitors Rebook and Aids.At the 1992 summer Olympics in Barcelona, Nikkei sponsored press conferences with the US basketball team despite Rebook being the official sponsor. During the last Olympic Ames in Vancouver, Red Bull also did some online ambush marketing. Red Bull posted some items to encourage their athletes on Twitter and Backbone, even though they werent officially sponsoring the event. By doing that th ey were violating the Olympic rules, which say that advertiser who dont pay for an official sponsorship cannot associate their names with the games or the athletes during the events or the weeks surrounding them. Were rooting for you Landslides Shawn_White Greeted and Dresses in the 2010 Winter mimics Red Bull removed all Olympic-related Twitter posts, but argued that the dynamic and nonuser-driven nature of social media make it tricky to stay within guidelines as they are defined. 9 How can Red Bull do even better? Red Bulls use of Internet and social media is very innovative. It differs from most companies strategy in the sense that it really involves the customer in the content creation and sharing process.It engages the customer and get them closer to the brand. Red Bulls online marketing strategy is also very cohesive, every tool they used access to content on Twitter, Namespace and Backbone simultaneously. In my opinion, Red Bull is already one of the best examples of succes sful online racketing strategies, and this is partly why I chose to talk about it in this paper. It also makes it even more difficult to explain how they could get better. Red Bulls strategy has proven more than efficient so they should keep on offering meaningful and entertaining content to their consumers.